For Chinese people today, happiness is closely related to their perceptions of social justice and equality of opportunity. In a fair society, people who work hard should be rewarded, regardless of family background; students who study hard should have equal opportunities in the job market regardless of who their parents are; farmers should receive government-sponsored medical care, regardless of their income; and all children should have an equal right to public education, regardless of where they live.

But in recent years, unfair treatment has been a key factor preventing happiness from rising in line with incomes. Last year, the words "my father is Li Gang" became a symbol of injustice in Chinese society. Students worry whether they will be fairly treated in the job market, whether they will be promoted in line with their ability and performance, and whether their dignity will be respected. Social justice is the number one issue the government should be considering.

Premier Wen Jiabao has said several times that problems that concern the people's well-being have a bearing on the overall interests of the country and affect social stability. In his opening remarks to the National People's Congress on March 5, Premier Wen proclaimed "what we do is for the sake of people's happiness and dignity, and for greater social justice and harmony."

"Happiness" is a key word right now in China. Well-being is not just about money, but is also about perceptions of social justice and equality. As China grows wealthier, the people are demanding greater happiness. But only if the government takes political steps and promotes institutional reform, will their happiness grow in line with the economy.

The author is a columnist with China.org.cn. For more information please visit:

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